mysql数据库在配置时包含很多信息：端口号，字符编码，指定根路径 basedir，指定数据存放的路径等信息　　

mysql的字体编码分为两种：

　　　　服务器编码

　　　　客户端输入的编码

　　通常服务器的编码都是utf-8的，可以支持世界各国文字，但是通常客户端输入的一般都可以设置为GBK的编码：

my.ini文件内容

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------  # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard  #  #  # Installation Instructions  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------  #  # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,  # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options  # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to  # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.  #  # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory   # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 4.1). To  # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option   # "--defaults-file".   #  # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a   # command line shell, e.g.  # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 4.1\my.ini"  #  # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a   # command line shell, e.g.  # mysqld --install MySQL41 --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 4.1\my.ini"  #  # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.  # net start MySQL41  #  #  # Guildlines for editing this file  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------  #  # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.  # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program  # with the "--help" option.  #  # More detailed information about the individual options can also be  # found in the manual.  #  #  # CLIENT SECTION  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------  #  # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.  # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed  # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to  # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the  # MySQL client library initialization.  #  [client]    port=3306    [mysql]    default-character-set=gbk      # SERVER SECTION  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------  #  # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that  # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this   # file.  #  [mysqld]    # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on  port=3306      #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.  basedir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/"    #Path to the database root  datadir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/Data/"    # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is  # created and no character set is defined  default-character-set=gbk    # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when  default-storage-engine=INNODB    # Set the SQL mode to strict  sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"    # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will  # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with  # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the  # connection limit has been reached.  max_connections=100    # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them  # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query  # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your  # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the  # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value  # is high enough for your load.  # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are  # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a  # slowdown instead of a performance improvement.  query_cache_size=14M    # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value  # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.  # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files  # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in  # section [mysqld_safe]  table_cache=256    # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table  # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk  # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many  # of them.  tmp_table_size=17M      # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client  # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't  # more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces  # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new  # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance  # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)  thread_cache_size=8    #*** MyISAM Specific options    # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while  # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.  # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created  # through the key cache (which is slower).  myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G    # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger  # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the  # key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in  # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.  myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size=100G    # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger  # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the  # key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in  # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.  myisam_sort_buffer_size=33M    # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.  # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory  # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using  # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be  # used for internal temporary disk tables.  key_buffer_size=22M    # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.  # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.  read_buffer_size=64K  read_rnd_buffer_size=256K    # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in  # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE  # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with  # large settings.  sort_buffer_size=256K      #*** INNODB Specific options ***      # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled  # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space  # and speed up some things.  #skip-innodb    # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata  # information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will  # start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most  # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this  # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.  innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M    # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the  # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are  # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small  # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the  # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and  # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2  # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log  # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1    # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as  # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed  # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large  # (even with long transactions).  innodb_log_buffer_size=1M    # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and  # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to  # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this  # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it  # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may  # cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you  # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not  # set it too high.  innodb_buffer_pool_size=40M    # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size  # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid  # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,  # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the  # recovery process.  innodb_log_file_size=10M    # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value  # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS  # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.  innodb_thread_concurrency=10

（1）设置客户端编码：

 

[client]  

　　　　port=3306  

　　　　[mysql]  

　　　　default-character-set=gbk  

（2）设置服务器端的编码（gbk），端口号（3306），初始化mysql信息，根文件夹和数据文件夹

 

[mysqld]  

　　　　# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on  

　　　　port=3306 

　　　　#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.  

　　　　basedir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/"  

　　　　#Path to the database root  

　　　　datadir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/Data/"  

　　　　# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is  

　　　　# created and no character set is defined  

　　　　default-character-set=gbk  

（3）my.ini文件的详细解析

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# 设置mysql的安装目录

basedir=F:\\Hzq Soft\\MySql Server 51GA

# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录，必须是data，或者是\\xxx-data

datadir=F:\\Hzq Soft\\MySql Server 51GA\\data

#innodb_log_arch_dir 默认datadir

#innodb_log_group_home_dir  默认datadir

# 设置mysql服务器的字符集，默认编码

default-character-set=utf8

#连接数的操作系统监听队列数量，如果经常出现“拒绝连接”错误可适当增加此值

back_log = 50

#不使用接听TCP / IP端口方法，mysqld通过命名管道连接

#skip-networking

# 最大连接数量

max_connections = 90

#打开表的线程数量限定，最大4096，除非用mysqld_safe打开限制

table_open_cache = 2048

#MySql 服务接收针对每个进程最大查询包大小

max_allowed_packet = 16M

#作用于SQL查询单笔处理使用的内存缓存，如果一笔操作的二进制数据超过了限定大小，将会在磁盘上开辟空间处理，一般设为 1-2M即可，默认1M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

#单个内存表的最大值限定

max_heap_table_size = 64M

#为每个线程分配的排序缓冲大小

sort_buffer_size = 8M

#join 连表操作的缓冲大小,根据实际业务来设置，默认8M

join_buffer_size = 32M

#操作多少个离开连接的线程的缓存

thread_cache_size = 8

#并发线程数量，默认为8，可适当增加到2倍以内。如果有多个CPU可以乘 上CPU的数量。双核CPU可以乘 上当前最核数再乘 上70%-85%

thread_concurrency = 16

#专用于具体SQL的缓存，如果提交的查询与几次中的某查询相同，并且在query缓存中存在，则直接返回缓存中的结果。

query_cache_size = 64M

#对应上一条设置，当查询的结果超过下面设置的大小时，将不会趣入到上面设置的缓存区中，避免了一个大的结果占据大量缓存。

query_cache_limit = 2M

#设置加全文检索中的最小单词长度。

#ft_min_word_len = 4

#CREATE TABLE 语句的默认表类型，如果不自己指定类型，则使用下行的类型

default-storage-engine = InnoDB

#线程堆栈大小，mysql说它自己用的堆栈大小不超过64K。这个值可适当设高一点（在RCA的项目中都是共用同一个数据库连接的），默认192K

thread_stack = 800K

#设置事务处理的级别,默认 REPEATABLE-READ，一般用它就即可，以下二行按顺序对应，

#可读写未提交的数据，创建未提交的数据副本读写，未提交之前可读不可写，只允许串行序列招行事务。

# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

#单一内存临时表在内存中的大小，超过此值自动转换到磁盘操作

tmp_table_size = 64M

#启动二进制日志功能，可通过它实现时间点恢复最新的备份

#log-bin=mysql-bin

#二进制日志格式，对就上一条，-建议混合格式

#binlog_format=mixed

#转换查询为缓慢查询

slow_query_log

#对应上一条，如果一个查询超过了下条设定的时间则执行上一条。

long_query_time = 2

#自定义主机ID识别符，用于主从或多服务器之间识别，为 一个 int 类型

server-id = 1

#一般用来缓存MyISAM表的主键，也用于临时的磁盘表缓存主键，上面多次出现临时磁盘表，所以就算不用MyISAM也最好为其设置一个不小的值，默认32M

key_buffer_size = 56M

#全表扫描MyISAM表时的缓存，每个线程拥有下行的大小。

read_buffer_size = 2M

#排序操作时与磁盘之间的缓存，分到每个线程，默认16M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

#MyISAM使用特殊树形进行批量插入时的缓存，如insert ... values(..)(..)(..)

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

#MyISAM索引文件的最大限定，

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 12G

#如果一个myisam表有一个以上的索引， MyISAM可以使用一个以上线程来排序并行它们。较耗硬件资源，如果你的环境不错，可以增加此值。

myisam_repair_threads = 2

#自动检查和修复无法正确关闭MyISAM表。

myisam_recover

# *** INNODB Specific options ***

#开启下条将会禁用 INNODB

#skip-innodb

#一般不用设置或者说设了也没多大用，InnoDB会自己与操作系统交互管理其附加内存池所使用InnoDB的存储数据的大小

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

#innodb整体缓冲池大小，不宜过大，设为本地内存的 50%-75% 比较合适,在本机开发过程中可以设得较小一点如 64M,256M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M

#InnoDB的数据存储在一个或多个数据文件组成的表空间

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#用于异步IO操作的线程数量，默认为 4 ，可适当提高

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

#线程数内允许的InnoDB内核,不宜太高

innodb_thread_concurrency = 14

#InnoDB的事务日志快存行为,默认为 1，为0可减轻磁盘I/0操作，还有以为2

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#InnoDB的用于的缓冲日志数据的大小

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

#日志文件，可设置为25%-90%的总体缓存大小，默认 256M. 修改此项要先删除datadir\ib_logfileXXX

innodb_log_file_size = 256M

#日志组数量，默认为3

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

#InnoDB的日志文件位置。默认是MySQL的datadir

#innodb_log_group_home_dir

#InnoDB最大允许的脏页缓冲池的百分比，默认90

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

#事务死锁超时设定

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# 设置mysql客户端的字符集

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# Only allow UPDATEs and DELETEs that use keys.

#safe-updates

[WinMySQLAdmin]

# 指定mysql服务启动启动的文件

Server=F:\\myweb\\MySql Server\\bin\\mysqld.exe